What Name Was Given for the Time Period of a Rebirth in Art and Learning

The School of Athens by Raphael. This Renaissance painting shows an imaginary scene from Ancient Greece, with Greek philosophers, writers, artists, and mathematicians. Raphael used the faces of people from his own time. Leonardo da Vinci was his model for Plato, the philosopher with the white beard in the center.

The Renaissance is a period in European history that followed the Middle Ages and ended in the 17th century. "Renaissance" is a French give-and-take for "rebirth." During this period, there was a "rebirth" of classical learning. People started relearning the teachings of scholars from Ancient Greece, Rome, and other ancient societies. The Renaissance is often said to be the start of the "modern age".

During the Renaissance, at that place were many advances in fine art, literature, the sciences, mathematics, and civilisation. Many famous artists, writers, philosophers, and scientists lived during this period. A person who is clever at a great number of things is sometimes called a "Renaissance homo". The about famous Renaissance man is Leonardo da Vinci, who was a painter, a scientist, a musician and a philosopher.

The Renaissance started in Italy, merely soon spread across the whole of Europe. In Italy, the menses is divided into three parts:

• the Early Renaissance
• the High Renaissance
• the Tardily Renaissance Archived 2016-04-xx at the Wayback Car ^[i] (besides called the Mannerist flow)

Following the Mannerist flow was the Baroque period, which also spread across Europe starting around 1600. Outside Italia, it can exist hard to tell where the Renaissance period ends and the Bizarre begins.

Causes of the Renaissance [change | alter source]

Reading and printing [modify | change source]

In the Middle Ages, most artistic, legal, and historical production took place in and around books. Monasteries, churches, universities, and people who could afford them produced and endemic books. Books were produced entirely past hand, which is why they were called manuscripts; illuminated manuscripts include hand-colored, fatigued, and gold pictures.

Near books at that time were written in Latin, Greek, and Roman, which was used in the Catholic Church. Only priests and well-educated people read Latin so. People were forbidden past law from translating the Bible into Italian, English, German, French, or other "local" languages.

Effectually 1440 the first printed books were made in Europe. The printing press fabricated it possible to print copies of large books like the Bible and sell them cheaply. Information technology took 300 calf skins or 100 pig skins to impress the Bible. Printers soon began to print everything that they thought was interesting: Ancient Greek and Roman writings, poetry, and plays; stories about the lives of the saints; mathematics textbooks; medical textbooks; Christian stories; erotic stories; books well-nigh animals and monsters; maps of the world; and advice to princes about how to rule their people.

Earlier the invention of the press press, knowledge had belonged to priests, monasteries and universities. Suddenly many thousands of people, even merchants, could learn far more than they ever could before.

The mixture of compages in Rome. At the dorsum is the huge wall of the ancient sports arena, the Colosseum. Near it is a church tower from nearly 1100 in the Center Ages. The white front end of the church of St. Francesca is from the 1600s. The columns and broken walls are all from Aboriginal Roman buildings. The round building to the left is now a church only was an ancient temple.

Ancient Roman remainings [alter | modify source]

From most 400 B.C. to about 400 Advert, Europe experienced a Gold Age. In Ancient Hellenic republic and Rome, there were many philosophers, writers, painters, sculptors, architects and mathematicians. Things were beautiful, well-organised and well-run.

However, by the twelvemonth 1400, the metropolis of Rome was in ruins. Inside the broken walls that had been smashed in 410 AD were the remains of huge temples, sports arenas, public baths, apartment blocks and palaces. Well-nigh all of them were half-buried and ruined, then they could not be used. Many were pulled down to apply as edifice stone.

Amidst the ruins of this in one case-not bad city, the people of Rome lived in cottages. They notwithstanding went to church building in the huge churches (basilicas) built by the kickoff Christian Emperor, Constantine the Great, in the 4th century. They withal held market solar day in the Ancient Roman marketplace place of Campo dei Fiori ("Field of Flowers").

In 1402, Filippo Brunelleschi and a teenage Donatello came to Rome. They were probably the earth's showtime archaeologists. They were fascinated by everything that they saw. They measured aboriginal ruined buildings, drew things, and dug around for weeks looking for $.25 of broken statues and painted pottery that they could put back together. By the time they went dorsum home to Florence, they knew more than about Ancient Roman architecture and sculpture than anyone had known for about a thousand years. Brunelleschi became a very famous architect and Donatello became a very famous sculptor.

Money and politics [change | change source]

The city of Florence. Apart from the dome at San Lorenzo'due south in the eye of the picture, this view has not changed very much since the 1400s.

The Renaissance really began in the urban center of Florence. In those days, Italian republic was not one single country. Information technology was fabricated of many little states, all governed in dissimilar ways. These states were constantly making alliances and fighting with each other.

Rome was politically powerful, because Rome had the Pope, the person in control of the Roman Catholic Church. Because of his very great importance equally a spiritual leader, most people and most cities did not want to argue with whatsoever pope. After a pope died, a new pope was elected. Everyone who was rich and powerful hoped a fellow member of their family would be chosen. It was ever a expert thought to have several young men in the family trained as priests, only in example. Information technology also helped to be good friends with other rich families. One way to exercise this was to have lots of daughters and get them to marry rich powerful men from different cities. This was the way that politics worked.

There were other powerful cities in Italy besides. Venice had a large and powerful navy. Milan controlled merchandise with Northern Europe and was very rich. Genoa was also very rich, because information technology controlled trade with French republic and Spain. Florence, where many people say the Renaissance started, was another important city.

Florence's force did non come up from a potent army, a potent fortress, or control over merchandise. It came from banking. The Medicis were an important banking family. They helped to make Florence a powerful city and the heart of Renaissance learning.

Capture of Constantinople

List of important events of the Renaissance [alter | change source]

In fine art [alter | change source]

• 1401: Lorenzo Ghiberti wins a contest to create the Florence Baptistry Doors. Over the adjacent 21 years, he creates 2 famous bronze doors with relief sculptures showing religious scenes.
• 1420s: Masaccio and Masolino paint the Brancacci Chapel in Florence.
• 1440s: Donatello makes the statue of Gattamelata on Horseback in Padua.
• 1470s: Botticelli paints the Birth of Venus in Florence.
• 1490s: Leonardo da Vinci paints The Concluding Supper and the Mona Lisa in Milan.
• 1508-1512: Michelangelo paints the Sistine Chapel Ceiling in Rome.

In architecture [change | modify source]

• 1420: Workers begin to build The Dome of Florence Cathedral, using Brunelleschi's design.
• 1420s: Brunelleschi designs the church of Church of San Lorenzo in Florence.
• 1444: Michelozzo designs the Medici-Riccardi Palace for Cosimo de' Medici.
• 1471: Alberti designs the Church of Sant' Andrea in Mantua.
• 1506: Work begins on the new St. Peter's Basilica in Rome.
• 1550: Palladio designs the Villa Rotunda nearly Vicenza.

In science and applied science [modify | modify source]

• Early 1300s: The get-go guns are made.
• 1455: Johannes Gutenberg uses the printing press he invented to create the first printed book in Europe.
• Belatedly 1400s: The quadrant was developed to help sailors notice their way at bounding main.
• 1480s: Leonardo da Vinci studies human anatomy.
• 1550s: Peter Henlein of Nuremberg makes the get-go watches.
• 1608: Hans Lippershey of Holland makes the showtime telescope.
• 1618, William Harvey discovered that the heart pumps blood.

In thinking [change | change source]

(See illustration higher up: Raphael's "Schoolhouse of Athens")

• Early 1300s: Petrarch publishes writings based on the works of St. Augustine and other classical writers.
• Mid 1400s: The Humanist Academy is created to discuss ancient writings and modern ideas. The Medici family supports the Academy financially.
• 1511: Desiderius Erasmus publishes In Praise of Folly, which satirizes the traditions of the Catholic Church.
• 1532: Machiavelli publishes The Prince past Machiavelli, which says that people who wish to have political power often do wicked things to get information technology.

A Gutenberg printed Bible

Dante painted by Domenico di Michelino, 1465

A map of the globe by Abraham Ortelius, 1570

In religion [change | change source]

• 1382: John Wycliffe outset translates the Bible from Latin into English language. This begins a movement to translate the Bible into many other European languages.
• 1454-1455: Johannes Gutenberg prints his famous Bible. The mass product of Bibles begins.
• 1517: On the door of Wittenberg Castle, Martin Luther posts The Ninety-Five Theses (his ideas nigh problems in the Church). This is an important event in the Reformation.
• 1534: Henry Viii splits the Church building of England from the Roman Cosmic Church building
• 1545: Pope Paul 3 calls the Council of Trent so that Catholic leaders can meet and discuss the issues that the Reformation has caused for to the Catholic Church. This is the beginning of the Counter Reformation.
• 1559: John Calvin starts the Geneva Theological University to teach people new (Reformation) ideas virtually Christian faith.

In writing [change | change source]

• Early 1300s: Dante Alighieri writes The Divine Comedy in Italia.
• 1348: Giovanni Boccaccio, an Italian, starts writing a drove of stories called The Decameron.
• 1477: William Caxton publishes The Canterbury Tales, which was written in the 1300s past Geoffrey Chaucer. This is the commencement of import volume written in the English linguistic communication.
• 1532 and 1534: Francois Rabelais writes Pantagruel and Gargantua in France.
• 1550: Giorgio Vasari, an Italian, publishes "Lives of the Swell Architects, Painters and Sculptors of Italy".
• 1590-1612: William Shakespeare writes his 37 plays in England.
• 1605 and 1616: Miguel de Cervantes publishes the tale of Don Quixote, Man of La Mancha in Spain.

In exploration [change | change source]

• 1487-1488: Bartholomeu Dias sails downwards the coast of Africa to the Cape of Good Hope.
• 1492: Christopher Columbus sails from Spain across the Atlantic Ocean to the West Indies.
• 1497-1499: Vasco da Gama sails from Portugal to Bharat by going around Africa.
• 1519-1522: Ferdinand Magellan leads an trek to sail effectually the earth. The expedition is completed under the control of Juan Sabastian del Cano.
• 1577-1580: Sir Francis Drake completes the second voyage around the globe.

[change | change source]

• Renaissance music
• List of Renaissance artists
• Medical Renaissance
• Duecento
• Trecento

References [modify | change source]

1. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-04-20. Retrieved 2016-07-26 . {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as championship (link)

• Ilan Rachum, The Renaissance: an Illustrated Encyclopedia, Octopus, ISBN 0-7064-0857-8
• Edmond Wright, Ed., The Medieval and Renaissance World, Chartwell Books, Inc. ISBN 0-89009-264-viii
• Margaret Aston, The Fifteenth Century, Tames And Hudson, ISBN 0-500-33009-iii
• Denys Hay and John Law, Italian republic in the Age of the Renaissance, Longman, ISBN 0-582-48358-1
• John T. Paoletti and Gary M. Radke, Art in Renaissance Italian republic, Laurence Male monarch Publishing, (2005), ISBN i-85669-439-9

Other websites [change | change source]

• Links for Heart School students from the Courtenay Center School Library Collection

claygoomencirt92.blogspot.com

Source: https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance

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